La science et l’environnement
18 05 2007L’environnement est le lieu par excellence où doit s’appliquer la pluridisciplinarité. Les études concernent naturellement des éléments relevant des différentes sciences de la nature. Néanmoins, dans le domaine du développement durable, les aspects économiques et sociaux sont aussi à analyser et à intégrer dans les évaluations.
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Les études ainsi réalisées comprennent des aspects liés à la chimie, la faune, la flore, la géologie, la biologie, la toxicologie, mais aussi à l’économie, la sociologie, le droit, etc, si bien qu’elles deviennent de plus en plus complexes.
Souvent, à partir de problèmes environnementaux, de multiples relations entre des éléments, parfois proches, parfois éloignés, sont mises en lumière. Le domaine de l’environnement contribue de cette façon à mieux nous faire comprendre notre société et à nous éclairer sur les décisions à prendre.
Cependant, celles-ci apparaissent aussi moins univoques que par le passé. Un investissement rentable économiquement à court terme et localement peut par exemple présenter, à la suite dévaluations scientifiques, des caractères qui s’avèrent négatifs à long terme, en un autre lieu ou sous un autre angle.
L’environnement est par définition sans limites, car il ne s’étend que jusqu’à celles qui lui sont attribuées, à la fois dans l’espace et dans le temps. Cela non plus ne facilite pas la tâche des scientifiques. Des scientifiques participent aux activités de trois grands groupes : au sein des pouvoirs publics, des industries et de certaines associations spécialisées.
Mais une certaine forme d’activité scientifique s’exerce avant tout dans des institutions d’enseignement, en particulier des universités et des centres de recherches qui ne sont pas liés à des activités économiques. Beaucoup de travaux scientifiques contribuent à une description plus précise de l’environnement et des effets des agressions auxquelles il est soumis.
Certains explorent aussi des moyens d’action pour limiter certaines de ces atteintes et s’efforcent de décrire les conséquences de l’emploi de ces solutions, étant entendu que les choix en la matière reviennent avant tout aux décideurs conformément aux procédures démocratiques.
Pour accumuler des connaissances relatives à des problèmes de plus en plus complexes et parfois d’ordre planétaire, les regroupements internationaux de scientifiques sont d’importance croissante.
L’un d’eux, majeur pour la protection de l’environnement, est le Groupe Intergouvernementale d’Experts pour l’Etude des Changements Climatiques (GIEC), qui met en liaison de façon permanente des milliers de scientifiques dans le monde et publie des rapports qui font autorité dans les décisions à prendre en la matière…
c’est hallucinant que il y a des scientifiques qui osent dire que ce n’est pas nous qui causons le rechauffement. Car ça risque d’inciter des personnes a ne plus fairde d’effort…c’est trop facile de se deculpaboliser et nous disant qu’on n’y est pour rien, facile et dangereux!